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What next for the struggling rural mothers in China who helped to build AI?

Before autonomous driving freed up the hands of Beijing’s middle class, thousands of workers some 1,500km (930 miles) away in China’s southwestern Guizhou province clicked…

By Samantha Johnson / April 4, 2026

Before autonomous driving freed up the hands of Beijing’s middle class, thousands of workers some 1,500km (930 miles) away in China’s southwestern Guizhou province clicked away at computer screens to teach AI about navigating traffic.

In the mountainous city of Tongren, where incomes are less than half those in Beijing, the work of data labelling – marking residential buildings, pavements, roadways and traffic lights – shaped the artificial intelligence guiding those vehicles.

The job required little formal training and could be done almost anywhere, two factors that brought together the interests of tech companies seeking AI training data, the government aiming for job growth and workers needing jobs.

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In China, AI-labelling workshops run by leading tech firms and supported by the state played a pivotal role in Beijing’s drive to alleviate absolute poverty in rural Guizhou, historically one of the country’s poorest provincial economies by GDP per capita.

One AI data-labelling poverty alleviation project created jobs for mothers with little education while enabling them to stay near home.

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Success came early as the interests of three groups aligned.

However, years after Beijing declared an end to absolute poverty, both government subsidies and the AI strategies of Chinese tech giants have changed.

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