The breakthrough system, built on nine interacting quantum spins, matched or exceeded the performance of a classical reservoir network with 10,000 nodes in multi-step weather prediction tasks.
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The findings were reported on March 25 by a joint team from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. They were published in Physical Review Letters, a top physics journal, and supported by national research funding programmes in China.
In the United States, government and private investment in AI-driven weather forecasting alone has surged into the hundreds of millions of dollars.
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has invested almost US$100 million in upgrading its Rhea supercomputing system, while legislation such as the TAME Act authorises nearly US$188 million over five years for AI weather research.

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